Security Best Practices

Overview

Security in Meteor follows a simple principle: trust the server, validate everything from the client. Understanding the attack surface and implementing proper security measures is critical for any production application.

Security Domains

In a Meteor application, there are two security domains:

Server: Trusted environment where code runs securely
Client: Untrusted environment that can be manipulated

Never trust data coming from the client. Always validate and authorize on the server.

Attack Surface

Secure these three main entry points:

1. Methods

Any data through Method arguments needs validation:

Meteor.methods({
  'posts.create'(title, content) {
    // ✅ Validate all arguments
    check(title, String);
    check(content, String);
    
    // ✅ Check authorization
    if (!this.userId) {
      throw new Meteor.Error('not-authorized');
    }
    
    // ✅ Additional business logic validation
    if (title.length < 3 || title.length > 100) {
      throw new Meteor.Error('invalid-title');
    }
    
    Posts.insert({ title, content, userId: this.userId });
  }
});

2. Publications

Publications must not return unauthorized data:

Meteor.publish('posts.private', function() {
  // ✅ Verify user is logged in
  if (!this.userId) {
    return this.ready();
  }
  
  // ✅ Only return user's own posts
  return Posts.find(
    { userId: this.userId },
    { 
      fields: { 
        title: 1, 
        content: 1,
        // Don't publish sensitive fields
        // apiKey: 0,
        // privateData: 0
      } 
    }
  );
});

3. Served Files

Ensure no secrets in client-accessible code:

// ❌ Never do this - API keys exposed to client
const API_KEY = 'secret-key-12345';

// ✅ Use environment variables on server only
if (Meteor.isServer) {
  const API_KEY = process.env.API_KEY;
}

Remove Insecure Packages

Remove insecure and autopublish packages immediately in any production app.

# Remove insecure packages
meteor remove insecure
meteor remove autopublish

Disable Allow/Deny

Avoid client-side database operations:

// ❌ Never use allow/deny - too complex to secure
Posts.allow({
  insert(userId, doc) {
    return userId && doc.userId === userId;
  },
  update(userId, doc) {
    return userId && doc.userId === userId;
  }
});

// ✅ Instead, deny all client operations
Posts.deny({
  insert() { return true; },
  update() { return true; },
  remove() { return true; }
});

// ✅ Use Methods for all data modifications
Meteor.methods({
  'posts.insert'(data) {
    // Server-side validation and insertion
  }
});

Validating Method Arguments

Using check()

import { check, Match } from 'meteor/check';

Meteor.methods({
  'posts.update'(postId, updates) {
    // Validate argument types
    check(postId, String);
    check(updates, {
      title: Match.Optional(String),
      content: Match.Optional(String),
      published: Match.Optional(Boolean)
    });
    
    // Validation passed, proceed with logic
  }
});

Using SimpleSchema

import SimpleSchema from 'simpl-schema';

Meteor.methods({
  'posts.insert'(data) {
    // Comprehensive validation
    new SimpleSchema({
      title: {
        type: String,
        min: 3,
        max: 100
      },
      content: {
        type: String,
        min: 10,
        max: 10000
      },
      tags: {
        type: Array,
        optional: true,
        maxCount: 5
      },
      'tags.$': {
        type: String
      },
      publishedAt: {
        type: Date,
        optional: true
      }
    }).validate(data);
    
    // Data is validated, proceed
  }
});

Never Trust this.userId from Client

// ❌ BAD: Client can pass any userId
Meteor.methods({
  'users.setName'({ userId, name }) {
    Meteor.users.update(userId, { $set: { name } });
  }
});

// ✅ GOOD: Use this.userId from DDP
Meteor.methods({
  'users.setName'({ name }) {
    if (!this.userId) {
      throw new Meteor.Error('not-authorized');
    }
    
    Meteor.users.update(this.userId, { $set: { name } });
  }
});

Authorization Patterns

Check Ownership

Meteor.methods({
  'posts.remove'(postId) {
    check(postId, String);
    
    if (!this.userId) {
      throw new Meteor.Error('not-authorized');
    }
    
    const post = Posts.findOne(postId);
    
    if (!post) {
      throw new Meteor.Error('not-found');
    }
    
    // Check if user owns the post
    if (post.userId !== this.userId) {
      throw new Meteor.Error('not-authorized');
    }
    
    Posts.remove(postId);
  }
});

Role-Based Access Control

meteor add alanning:roles

import { Roles } from 'meteor/alanning:roles';

Meteor.methods({
  'users.delete'(userId) {
    check(userId, String);
    
    // Check if current user is admin
    if (!Roles.userIsInRole(this.userId, 'admin')) {
      throw new Meteor.Error('not-authorized');
    }
    
    // Admin can delete users
    Meteor.users.remove(userId);
  }
});

// Assign roles
Roles.addUsersToRoles(userId, ['admin'], Roles.GLOBAL_GROUP);

// Check roles
if (Roles.userIsInRole(userId, 'admin')) {
  // User is admin
}

Rate Limiting

Protect against brute force and spam:

import { DDPRateLimiter } from 'meteor/ddp-rate-limiter';
import { Accounts } from 'meteor/accounts-base';

// Rate limit login attempts
Accounts.addDefaultRateLimit();

// Custom rate limiting for Methods
const SENSITIVE_METHODS = [
  'posts.create',
  'posts.update',
  'posts.remove',
  'comments.create'
];

if (Meteor.isServer) {
  DDPRateLimiter.addRule({
    type: 'method',
    name(name) {
      return SENSITIVE_METHODS.includes(name);
    },
    connectionId() { 
      return true; 
    }
  }, 5, 1000); // 5 calls per second per connection
  
  // Rate limit by user ID
  DDPRateLimiter.addRule({
    type: 'method',
    name: 'posts.create',
    userId(userId) { 
      return !!userId; 
    }
  }, 10, 60000); // 10 posts per minute per user
}

Securing Publications

Field Filtering

// ✅ Only publish safe fields
Meteor.publish('users.profile', function(userId) {
  check(userId, String);
  
  return Meteor.users.find(
    { _id: userId },
    {
      fields: {
        username: 1,
        'profile.name': 1,
        'profile.avatar': 1,
        // NEVER publish:
        // services: 0,        // OAuth tokens
        // 'services.password': 0,  // Password hashes
        // emails: 0,         // Unless necessary
        // apiKeys: 0         // API credentials
      }
    }
  );
});

Validate Publication Arguments

import { check } from 'meteor/check';

Meteor.publish('posts.byCategory', function(category, limit) {
  // Validate arguments
  check(category, String);
  check(limit, Number);
  
  // Enforce maximum limit
  limit = Math.min(limit, 100);
  
  return Posts.find(
    { category },
    { limit, sort: { createdAt: -1 } }
  );
});

Check User Permissions

Meteor.publish('admin.statistics', function() {
  if (!Roles.userIsInRole(this.userId, 'admin')) {
    // Return nothing for non-admins
    return this.ready();
  }
  
  return Statistics.find();
});

Secrets Management

Environment Variables

// settings.json (excluded from version control)
{
  "private": {
    "MAIL_URL": "smtp://username:password@smtp.example.com:587",
    "AWS_ACCESS_KEY": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
    "AWS_SECRET_KEY": "wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY"
  },
  "public": {
    "APP_NAME": "My App"
  }
}

# Run with settings
meteor --settings settings.json

// Access in code
if (Meteor.isServer) {
  // Server-only secrets
  const awsKey = Meteor.settings.private.AWS_ACCESS_KEY;
  
  // Or use process.env
  const mailUrl = process.env.MAIL_URL;
}

if (Meteor.isClient) {
  // Public settings available on client
  const appName = Meteor.settings.public.APP_NAME;
}

Never Commit Secrets

# .gitignore
settings.json
settings-*.json
.env
*.env

Input Sanitization

Prevent XSS (Cross-Site Scripting)

import { check } from 'meteor/check';

Meteor.methods({
  'comments.create'(postId, text) {
    check(postId, String);
    check(text, String);
    
    // Meteor's templating automatically escapes HTML
    // But be careful with raw HTML or dangerouslySetInnerHTML
    
    Comments.insert({
      postId,
      text, // Will be escaped in templates
      userId: this.userId,
      createdAt: new Date()
    });
  }
});

<!-- ✅ Safe: Blaze automatically escapes -->
<div>{{comment.text}}</div>

<!-- ❌ Dangerous: Raw HTML -->
<div>{{{comment.text}}}</div>

<!-- ✅ Use sanitization library if needed -->
<div>{{sanitizeHtml comment.text}}</div>

Prevent NoSQL Injection

// ❌ BAD: Allows MongoDB operators
Meteor.methods({
  'posts.findByTitle'(title) {
    return Posts.find({ title }); // Client could pass { $ne: null }
  }
});

// ✅ GOOD: Validate type
Meteor.methods({
  'posts.findByTitle'(title) {
    check(title, String); // Ensures it's a string
    return Posts.find({ title });
  }
});

HTTPS/SSL

Always use HTTPS in production to encrypt data in transit.

// Force SSL in production
if (Meteor.isProduction) {
  // Redirect HTTP to HTTPS
  WebApp.connectHandlers.use(function(req, res, next) {
    if (req.headers['x-forwarded-proto'] !== 'https') {
      res.writeHead(301, {
        Location: 'https://' + req.headers.host + req.url
      });
      res.end();
      return;
    }
    next();
  });
}

Content Security Policy

import { BrowserPolicy } from 'meteor/browser-policy-common';

if (Meteor.isServer) {
  // Disable inline scripts
  BrowserPolicy.content.disallowInlineScripts();
  
  // Allow specific domains
  BrowserPolicy.content.allowScriptOrigin('https://cdn.example.com');
  BrowserPolicy.content.allowImageOrigin('https://images.example.com');
  
  // Allow self
  BrowserPolicy.content.allowScriptOrigin("'self'");
  BrowserPolicy.content.allowStyleOrigin("'self'");
}

Security Checklist

Remove insecure packages

meteor remove insecure autopublish

Validate all Method arguments

Use check() or SimpleSchema for every Method

Disable client-side database operations

Use deny() rules on all collections

Filter publication fields

Never publish sensitive user data or credentials

Implement rate limiting

Protect against brute force and spam

Use HTTPS in production

Encrypt all data in transit

Manage secrets properly

Use environment variables, never commit secrets

Implement authorization

Check ownership and roles before operations

Enable audit logging

Log security-relevant actions

Keep dependencies updated

Regularly update Meteor and npm packages

Getting Started

Core Concepts

Framework Guides

Frontend Integration

Security Best Practices

Overview

Security Domains

Attack Surface

1. Methods

2. Publications

3. Served Files

Remove Insecure Packages

Disable Allow/Deny

Validating Method Arguments

Using check()

Using SimpleSchema

Never Trust this.userId from Client

Authorization Patterns

Check Ownership

Role-Based Access Control

Rate Limiting

Securing Publications

Field Filtering

Validate Publication Arguments

Check User Permissions

Secrets Management

Environment Variables

Never Commit Secrets

Input Sanitization

Prevent XSS (Cross-Site Scripting)

Prevent NoSQL Injection

HTTPS/SSL

Content Security Policy

Security Checklist

Getting Started

Core Concepts

Framework Guides

Frontend Integration

Documentation Index

​Overview

​Security Domains

​Attack Surface

​1. Methods

​2. Publications

​3. Served Files

​Remove Insecure Packages

​Disable Allow/Deny

​Validating Method Arguments

​Using check()

​Using SimpleSchema

​Never Trust this.userId from Client

​Authorization Patterns

​Check Ownership

​Role-Based Access Control

​Rate Limiting

​Securing Publications

​Field Filtering

​Validate Publication Arguments

​Check User Permissions

​Secrets Management

​Environment Variables

​Never Commit Secrets

​Input Sanitization

​Prevent XSS (Cross-Site Scripting)

​Prevent NoSQL Injection

​HTTPS/SSL

​Content Security Policy

​Security Checklist

​Related Resources

Overview

Security Domains

Attack Surface

1. Methods

2. Publications

3. Served Files

Remove Insecure Packages

Disable Allow/Deny

Validating Method Arguments

Using check()

Using SimpleSchema

Never Trust this.userId from Client

Authorization Patterns

Check Ownership

Role-Based Access Control

Rate Limiting

Securing Publications

Field Filtering

Validate Publication Arguments

Check User Permissions

Secrets Management

Environment Variables

Never Commit Secrets

Input Sanitization

Prevent XSS (Cross-Site Scripting)

Prevent NoSQL Injection

HTTPS/SSL

Content Security Policy

Security Checklist

Related Resources